Forensic science refers to any science that applies to legal matters. The end point of all forensic analysis is ultimately intended to be the courtroom – where the forensic scientist will testify as an expert witness.
It may seem counterintuitive that forensic science evidence is a cause of wrongful convictions. Since forensic science is supposed to be free of bias and reasoning errors, many assume that forensic science must be infallible. This is because it can be tested, with the results clear for all to see. After all, it is often said that science never lies.
While it is certainly true that forensic science has played an essential role in the innocence movement, it has also contributed to a great number of wrongful convictions. Some of the reasons for errors in forensic science analysis include the lack of a system of certification and accreditation for certain forensic sciences, poor education, training and quality control, and pro-prosecution bias of forensic analysis.
What all of this reveals is the human element in forensic analysis. This does not mean we should stop using forensics, but what it does mean is that investigators and the courts should be exceptionally objective and cautious with, and understand, this evidence in order to avoid wrongful convictions.